Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. flashcard sets. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Spain. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. The compass rose also told . 27 chapters | Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. 201-202. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Sources. This button displays the currently selected search type. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Gallery. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). The voyages of Columbus. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. While disease killed populations. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . They also found a sea route to India. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. poway high school bell schedule 2021. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. 1524. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? They also looked west, settling in Brazil. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. An error occurred trying to load this video. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The reasons for the difference are to be found in the. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Hispaniola is a marvel. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. answer choices. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . It began with the Vikings' brief stint . Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. This compass showed from four to eight directions. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. . Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade.
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